Bartolome gonzalez y serrano biography of albert

Archduke of Inner Austria from to

Charles II Francis of Austria (German: Karl II. Franz von Innerösterreich) (3 June – 10 July ) was an Archduke of Austria and a ruler of Inner Austria (Styria, Carniola, Carinthia and Gorizia) from He was a member of the House of Habsburg.

Biography

A native of Vienna, he was the third son of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, and of Anne of Bohemia and Hungary, daughter of King Vladislaus II of Hungary and his wife, Anne of Foix-Candale. In and again from to , there were negotiations for a marriage between Charles and Elizabeth I of England. Emperor Ferdinand I expected Elizabeth to promise in the proposed marriage treaty that Charles, as her widower, would succeed her if she died childless. The negotiations dragged on until Elizabeth decided that she would not marry the Archduke since he was a Catholic.

In , Charles was also a suitor of Mary, Queen of Scots, with her uncle Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine, advising her to marry Charles to obtain assistance in governing Scotland. Mary disagreed, as did Charles's older brother Maximilian.

Unlike his brother, Emperor Maximilian II, Charles was a religious Catholic and promoted the Counter-Reformation, such as by inviting the Jesuits to his territory. However, in , he had to make significant concessions to the Inner Austrian Estates in the Religious Pacifications of Graz and in the Libellum of Bruck. In practice, that resulted in tolerance towards Protestantism.

As the Inner Au

Spanish nobleman and politician

Pedro Téllez-Girón, 3rd Duke of Osuna (17 December – 24 September ) was a Spanish nobleman and politician. He was the 2nd Marquis of Peñafiel, 7th Count of Ureña, Spanish Viceroy of Sicily (–), Viceroy of Naples (–), a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece since , Grandee of Spain, member of the Spanish Supreme Council of War, and the subject of several poems by his friend, counselor and assistant, Francisco de Quevedo.

He served as a footsoldier and climbed the ranks, an unusual career for an aristocrat, during the Eighty Years' War. As Viceroy of Sicily and Naples, Osuna reorganized the local administration and armadas with new strategies and ships, and implemented a highly profitable and successful privateering system against the Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Venice and the Barbary pirates. Despite opposition in the court, he maintained Mediterranean dominance during the ten years of his mandates, achieving victories like Cape Corvo, Cape Celidonia and Ragusa. At his peak, his individual naval power is believed to have rivaled that of the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

Osuna was eventually deposed in , undoing much of his work, in midst of the political unstability caused by the fall of the royal minister Francisco de Sandoval, Duke of Lerma. Venetians claimed Osuna had participated in a conspiracy to take over Venice, while the Neapolitan aristocracy purported he intended to secede from Spain and become King of Naples. He denied all accusations and died in prison while awaiting for judgement.

Early life

He was born in Osuna, province of Sevilla, and baptized on 18 January , the son of Juan Téllez-Girón, 2nd Duke of Osuna, and of his wife Ana María de Velasco, daughter of Íñigo Fernández de Velasco, 4th Duke of Frías and Constable of Castile.

According to the first biography published in by the ProtestantMilaneseGregorio Leti, which has been until

"St John the Baptist" () is a notable work by the Spanish Baroque painter Bartolomé González y Serrano. Known for his meticulous attention to detail and his ability to capture the essence of his subjects, González y Serrano was a prominent figure in the Spanish art scene during the early 17th century. This painting exemplifies his skill in portraiture and religious themes, which were highly valued during the Baroque period.

The painting depicts St John the Baptist, a significant figure in Christian theology, known for his role in baptizing Jesus Christ and preaching about the coming of the Messiah. In this work, González y Serrano portrays St John with a sense of solemnity and reverence, capturing the saint's ascetic lifestyle and spiritual fervor. The artist's use of chiaroscuro, a technique that contrasts light and dark to create a sense of volume and depth, is evident in the way St John's figure is illuminated against a darker background. This technique not only highlights the saint's physical form but also imbues the painting with a dramatic intensity characteristic of Baroque art.

González y Serrano's attention to detail is apparent in the intricate rendering of St John's garments and the naturalistic depiction of his facial features. The texture of the fabric and the lifelike quality of the saint's expression demonstrate the artist's technical proficiency and his ability to convey a sense of realism. Additionally, the painting reflects the religious fervor of the time, emphasizing themes of piety, repentance, and divine grace.

"St John the Baptist" () is a testament to Bartolomé González y Serrano's artistic legacy and his contribution to the Baroque movement in Spain. The painting remains an important example of religious art from this period, showcasing the artist's mastery of technique and his deep engagement with spiritual themes.