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Folk traditions that have evolved in Greater Iran

Iranian folklore encompasses the folk traditions that have evolved in Greater Iran.

Oral legends

Folktales

Storytelling has an important presence in Iranian culture. In classical Iran, minstrels performed for their audiences at royal courts and in public theaters. A minstrel was referred to by the Parthians as gōsān in Parthian, and by the Sasanians as huniyāgar in Middle Persian. Since the time of the Safavid dynasty, storytellers and poetry readers have appeared at coffeehouses.

The following are a number of folktales known to the people of Iran:

Below are a number of historical tale books that contain Iranian folktales.

• Amir Arsalān e Nāmdār ("Amir Arsalan the Famous"), a popular legend that was narrated to Naser-ed-Din Shah.
• Dārāb-nāme ("Book of Darab"), a 12th-century book by Abu Taher Tarsusi that recounts a fiction about Alexander the Great and Darius III.
• Eskandar-nāme, also known as "The Persian Alexander Romances", an Iranianized version of The Romance of Alexander. Not to be confused with the classic book of Nezami.
• One Thousand and One Nights, the frame-story of which derives from the now lost Middle Persian work Hazār Afsān ("Thousand Nights").
• Samak-e Ayyār, a folktale about an Iranian ayyār that was written down during the 12th century.Ayyār, at times synonymous with javānmard ("young man"), referred to a member of a class of warriors in Iran from the 9th to the 12th century.
• Šāhnāme ("Book of Kings"), the national epic of Iran, written by 10th-century Persian poet Ferdowsi, based on Xwadāynāmag, a Middle Persian compilation of the history of Iranian kings and heroes from mythical times down to the reign of Chosroes II.
• Vāmeq o Ozrā, a derivation from the Greek romance

Theo Vos, Amanuel Alemu Abajobir, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Cristiana Abbafati, Kaja M Abbas, Foad Abd-Allah, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Abdishakur M Abdulle, Teshome Abuka Abebo, Semaw Ferede Abera, Victor Aboyans, Laith J Abu-Raddad, Ilana N Ackerman, Abdu Abdullahi Adamu, Olatunji Adetokunboh, Mohsen Afarideh, Ashkan Afshin, Sanjay Kumar Agarwal, Rakesh Aggarwal, Anurag Agrawal, Sutapa Agrawal, Hamid Ahmadieh, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour, Amani Nidhal Aichour, Ibtihel Aichour, Sneha Aiyar, Rufus Olusola Akinyemi, Nadia Akseer, Faris Hasan Al Lami, Fares Alahdab, Ziyad Al-Aly, Khurshid Alam, Noore Alam, Tahiya Alam, Deena Alasfoor, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Raghib Ali, Reza Alizadeh-Navaei, Ala'a Alkerwi, François Alla, Peter Allebeck, Christine Allen, Fatma Al-Maskari, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Ubai Alsharif, Shirina Alsowaidi, Khalid A Altirkawi, Azmeraw T Amare, Erfan Amini, Walid Ammar, Yaw Ampem Amoako, Hjalte H Andersen, Carl Abelardo T Antonio, Palwasha Anwari, Johan Ärnlöv, Al Artaman, Krishna Kumar Aryal, Hamid Asayesh, Solomon W Asgedom, Reza Assadi, Tesfay Mehari Atey, Niguse Tadele Atnafu, Sachin R Atre, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Euripide Frinel G Arthur Avokphako, Ashish Awasthi, Umar Bacha, Alaa Badawi, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Amitava Banerjee, Marlena S Bannick, Aleksandra Barac, Ryan M Barber, 

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 

Hay, Simon I; Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abbas, Kaja M; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abdulle, Abdishakur M; Abebo, Teshome Abuka; Abera, Semaw Ferede; Aboyans, Victor; Abu-Raddad, Laith J; Ackerman, Ilana N; Adedeji, Isaac A; Adetokunboh, Olatunji; Afshin, Ashkan; Aggarwal, Rakesh; Agrawal, Sutapa; Agrawal, Anurag; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine; Aichour, Amani Nidhal; Aichour, Ibtihel; Aiyar, Sneha; Akinyemiju, Tomi F; Akseer, Nadia; Al Lami, Faris Hasan; Alahdab, Fares; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alam, Khurshid; Alam, Noore; Alam, Tahiya; Alasfoor, Deena; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Ali, Raghib; Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza; Alkaabi, Juma M; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Alla, François; Allebeck, Peter; Allen, Christine; Al-Maskari, Fatma; AlMazroa, Mohammad AbdulAziz; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa; Alsharif, Ubai; Alsowaidi, Shirina; Althouse, Benjamin M; Altirkawi, Khalid A; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amare, Azmeraw T; Amini, Erfan; Ammar, Walid; Amoako, Yaw Ampem; Ansha, Mustafa Geleto; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T; Anwari, Palwasha; Ärnlöv, Johan; Arora, Megha; Artaman, Al; Aryal, Krishna Kumar; Asgedom, Solomon W; Atey, Tesfay Mehari; Atnafu, Niguse Tadele; Avila-Burgos, Leticia; Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur; Awasthi, Ashish; Awasthi, Shally; Azarpazhooh, Mahmoud Reza; Azzopardi, Peter; Babalola, Tesleem Kayode; Bacha, Umar; Badawi, Alaa; Balakrishnan, Kalpana; Bannick, Marlena S; Barac, Aleksandra; Barker-Collo, Suzanne L; Bärnighausen, Till; Barquera, Simon; Barrero, Lope H; Basu, Sanjay; Battista, Robert; Battle, Katherine E; Baune, Bernhard T; Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad; Beardsley, Justin; Bedi, Neeraj; Béjot, Yannick; Bekele

Iranian sport wrestler

Pahlavān Mahmoud, known in Iran as Pouryā-ye Vali (died 1322 CE), was a pahlevani wrestling champion, Sufi teacher and poet from the 14th century Persia, famous for his exceptional strength.

He became the patron saint of the city of Khiva, in Uzbekistan.

Biography

Pahlawan Mahmud lived during the years of Mongol rule over Central Asia. He achieved great fame at the time both as a professional wrestler and as a poet-philosopher.

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Above all, he is said to have been a high-ranking Sufi teacher.

A special feature of Pahlavan Mahmoud's school (Zurkhaneh) was the education of the students' minds through the martial art of wrestling, a discipline with which he made a name for himself as far away as Central Asia and India.

In Persian as well as in Old Uzbek (Chagatay) and Hindi, the word Pahlavan /پهلوان (other spelling Palvan/پلوان) became a synonym for a wrestler, hero, or champion. After his death he was venerated as a