Kader kashmiri biography sample
| King with his queens and attendants Awantiswamin temple |
A chronological Chart of the History of Kashmir based on Kalhana’s Rajatarangini (1148-1149 A.D.) and other original sources.
Based on a basic list compilation originally done by T.N. Khazanchi for Marg Magazine in 1950s as Superintendent, Archeology and Museum Dept. Srinagar.
[I have appended additional interesting bits, updated with recent researches in the field and my notes on the various eras. Point to note Patañjali’s Mahābhāsya c.150 B.C is the first mention of Kashmir in an Indian source. Mahabarata mentions Kāśmīramandalam, a pilgrimage holy site for sages. Some Nepalese recension of Mahabharata mention Haramukuta (Haramukh) pilgrimage. ]
Kalhana’s account opens with Gonanda I (accession assumed Kali Samvat 653, Lankika S. 626) and first book ends with Yudhisthira. The aggregated length of reign for 75 kings has been shown at 2268 years. The account is of course not absolutely reliable from a historical point of view. But Kalhana was working on genuine tradition, text sources (now lost, like work of Padmamihira, who in turn used another lost work of this kind, the Pārthivāvalī of the Mahāvratin Saiva ascetic Helārāja) and some of the kings have a definite historical existence. Book II of Kalhana opens with Pratapaditya I and ends with Sardhimati-Aryaraja. The aggregate length of reigns for this period is 192 years. The third book opens with Meghavahana and ends with Baladitya. The aggregate length of the reigns for this period is 589 years with 300 years ascribed to Ranaditya alone.
Moulvi Ghulam Hasan Shah (1832-1898) in his three volume ‘Tarikh-i- Hasan’ is only source for the ‘lost’ kings of Kashmir and based on an old Rajatarangini written by one Pandit Ratnakar, called Ratanakar Purana and was found by one Praja Pandit.
The Lost Kings:
1. Gonanda I
A relative of Jarasandha, king of Magadha. Killed by Balabhadra, brother of Krishna.
- Editions
| Financial Literacy and Financial Planning in the Retirement Family Neti Budiwati, Fazar Nuriansyah, Deni Nugraha, Faculty of Economics, Universitas pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia, Faculty of Economics Education, Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati, Indonesia, Email: netibudiwati@upi.edu, fazar@upi.edu, deni.babeh@gmail.com This theoretical literature study aims to provide an overview of the concept of the importance of financial literacy in financial planning, especially in old age. Financial knowledge in managing finances is very important, especially towards retirement age. Readiness to face retirement is the ability of individuals to make their lives comfortable in retirement, this can be achieved if the individual makes preparations. Individuals who work must be responsible for the life in retirement that they will face, including individuals who work in government. Government employees with pension fund facilities are not guaranteed to be able to live comfortably in retirement. The method used in this study is literature study. The findings of the study in general show that there are still many workers who have not done financial planning properly, due to a lack of understanding of the financial aspects that must be prepared for retirement. This condition is a serious problem considering financial literacy has a positive effect on financial planning, especially readiness to face retirement. Pages 1 to 14 |
| |
| Finding Unexpressed Good Faith in a Commercial Contract in Australia Muhammad Jibril, Melbourne Law School, The University of Melbourne Email: Muhjibril.law@gmail.com Good faith is one of the doctrines in contract law. The Renard Constructions (ME) Pty Ltd v Minister for Public Works (‘Renard Constructions’) case in 1992 is acknowledged as the watershed of the good faith doctrine in Australia. However, it is well known that Indian economist and philosopher (born 1933) Amartya Kumar Sen (Bengali pronunciation:[ˈɔmortːoˈʃen]; born 3 November 1933) is an Indian economist and philosopher. Sen has taught and worked in England and the United States since 1972. In 1998, Sen received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his contributions to welfare economics. He has also made major scholarly contributions to social choice theory, economic and social justice, economic theories of famines, decision theory, development economics, public health, and the measures of well-being of countries. Sen is currently the Thomas W. Lamont University Professor, and Professor of Economics and Philosophy at Harvard University. He previously served as Master of Trinity College at the University of Cambridge. In 1999, he received India's highest civilian honour, Bharat Ratna, for his contribution to welfare economics. The German Publishers and Booksellers Association awarded him the 2020 Peace Prize of the German Book Trade for his pioneering scholarship addressing issues of global justice and combating social inequality in education and healthcare. Amartya Sen was born on 3 November 1933 in a Bengali family in Santiniketan, Bengal, British India. The first Asian to win a Nobel Prize, the polymath and writer Rabindranath Tagore, gave Amartya Sen his name (Bengali: অমর্ত্য, romanized: ômorto, lit. 'immortal or heavenly'). Sen's family was from Wari and Manikganj, Dhaka, both in present-day Bangladesh. His father, Ashutosh Sen, was a Professor of Chemistry at Dhaka University, then the Development Commissioner in Delhi and then Chairman of the West Bengal Public Service Commission. Sen moved with his family to West Bengal in 1945. Sen's mother, Amita Sen, was the da The risk of SBO is highest following colorectal, oncologic gynecological, or pediatric surgery [1, 26,27,28]. One in ten patients develops at least one episode of SBO within 3 years after colectomy [7]. Reoperations for ASBO occur in between 4.2 and 12.6% of patients after pediatric surgery patients, and 3.2% of colorectal patients [1, 29]. Recurrence of ASBO is also frequent; 12% of non-operatively treated patients are readmitted within 1 year, rising to 20% after 5 years. The risk of recurrence is slightly lower after operative treatment: 8% after 1 year and 16% after 5 years [30]. The most frequently used classification of adhesions in general surgery is the adhesion score according to Zühlke et al. (Table 3) [31]. The score is based on the tenacity and some morphologic aspects of the adhesions. The merits of this score are that it is easy to use and classifications are self-explanatory to most surgeons and gynecologists. The major drawback to the score is that it does not measure the extent of adhesions and that tenacity of adhesions can vary between different parts of the abdomen. The most used grading system in gynecological surgery is the American Fertility Society (AFS) score [32]. The score is designed for grading adhesions in the small pelvis. Adhesions are scored for extent and severity at four sites: right ovary, right tube, left ovary, and left tube. The scores for the right and left side are summed, and the final AFS score is the score for the side with the lowest summed score while discarding the score for the other side. Thus, a patient with an AFS score of 0 can still have adhesions. Further critiques for this score include a relatively low inter-observer reproducibility [33]. A modified AFS has therefore
|