Manuel fraga iribarne biography of barack obama
Contemporary history of Spain
Period of the history of Spain corresponding to the Contemporary Age
The contemporary history of Spain is the historiographical discipline and a historical period of Spanish history. However, conventionally, Spanish historiography tends to consider as an initial milestone not the French Revolution, nor the Independence of the United States or the English Industrial Revolution, but a decisive local event: the beginning of the Spanish War of Independence (1808).
Reign of Carlos IV (1788–1808)
The outbreak of the French Revolution (1789) altered the European international balance, putting Spain in one of the frontiers of the revolutionary focus. The measures aimed to avoid contagion were effective, because beyond isolated groups of sympathizers (Picornell's conspiracy, 1795), the social consensus in Spain was counterrevolutionary, actively promoted by the clergy and controlled by the Inquisition, which acted as a sanitary cordon. In contrast, the attempt of the First Coalition to put an end to revolutionary France militarily (which on the Spanish-French border took the form of the War of the Pyrenees or Roussillon, 1793–1795) failed. After the redirection of the internal French process (Thermidorian Reaction, 1794) towards the personal power of Napoleon (1799), the Spanish priorities changed, and it was decided to renew the traditional Franco-Spanish alliance (Pacte de Famille) in spite of the fact that he was no longer a Bourbon king but a plebeian politician, or a self-crowned Emperor Bonaparte, who occupied power or sat on the throne of Paris, and that such upstarts maintained the revolutionary legitimacy that had led Louis XVI, cousin of the King of Spain, to the guillotine.
From 1792 the favouritism of Manuel Godoy, an ambitious military man of obscure origins protected by the queen, ennobled with the title of Prince of Peace (by the Peace of Basel, 1795), displaced Three months after the January 25 Revolution in Egypt, President Obama’s approach to the Middle East is hopelessly adrift. He is hesitant to truly embrace the Arab freedom movements, failing to lead Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations and lacking effective diplomacy to counter Iran’s nuclear ambitions. Two years after his ballyhooed Cairo University reach-out to the Arab and Muslim worlds, it’s clear now that he actually doesn’t get it. We’re told that Obama intends to speak again very soon about his Middle East policies. What is needed is something that he is unlikely to deliver, especially as a politician already launching his campaign for re-election in 2012: a long-overdue revolution in America’s Middle East policies, a fitting and needed response to the revolutionary change sweeping the region. At the U.S.-Islamic World Forum in Washington this month, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton gave a glimpse into the administration’s mindset. Her talk was reactive, uninspired. It largely consisted of warnings and worries: Can Arabs achieve political and social change? Can they reform economies that are dependent on oil and stunted by corruption? Will they respect women and minorities? Will the vacuum be filled by extremists? Essentially she was asking: Are Arabs ready for democracy? That is the type of tired American thinking that enabled successive U.S. administrations to support Arab dictators and disregard the hopes and aspirations of the Arab people. And conspicuously absent from Clinton’s speech were any of the hard questions that the Obama administration should be asking itself: Why have America’s policies failed so miserably, and for so long, in the Middle East? Why do nine out of 10 Egyptians disapprove of Obama’s handling of the Israeli-Palestinian issue, a bellwether of Muslim attitudes toward the U.S.? What innovations in Middle East poli Artifact SeriesHead of State Gifts Artifact IDFO.711791 Object Type Book Gifter Senator Manuel Fraga Iribarne Author Senator Manuel Fraga Iribarne (Spanish, 1922 - 2012) Intended Recipient President Barack Obama (American, 1961) Date 1950 Medium paper, ink DimensionsOverall H 1/4 in x W 5 5/8 in x D 8 1/8 in (0.6 cm x 14.3 cm x 20.6 cm ) National Archives Catalog CollectionBarack Obama Artifact Collection (National Archives Identifier 63542091) National Archives Catalog SeriesGifts of State (National Archives Identifier 66540613) Use Restriction StatusRestricted - Possibly Use Restriction NoteCopyright or other proprietary rights may be held by individuals or entities other than the Obama Presidential Library. The Obama Presidential Library does not warrant that the use of materials will not infringe on the rights of third parties holding the rights to these works, or make any representations or warranties with respect to the application or terms of any international agreement, treaty, or protections that may apply. It is your responsibility to determine and satisfy any copyright or other use restrictions. Pertinent regulations can be found at 36 C.F.R 1254.62. In Collection(s) Related Event(s) Not on view Related Links .When Will the Arab Awakening Wake Up Washington?
Razas Y Racismo En Norteamerica
Custodial History / ProvenanceThe item was a gift from a foreign official to President Barack Obama during the Obama Administration. It was received through the Executive Office of the President and maintained there until its transfer to the National Archives in January 2017 for deposit with the Obama Presidential Library.Additional Details